最近由于工作需要，寫了一些windows服務(wù)程序，有一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我現(xiàn)在總結(jié)寫出來。
目前我知道的創(chuàng)建創(chuàng)建Windows服務(wù)有3種方式:
a.利用.net框架類ServiceBase
b.利用組件Topshelf
c.利用小工具instsrv和srvany
下面我利用這3種方式,分別做一個(gè)windows服務(wù)程序，程序功能就是每隔5秒往程序目錄下記錄日志:
a.利用.net框架類ServiceBase
本方式特點(diǎn):簡單，兼容性好
通過繼承.net框架類ServiceBase實(shí)現(xiàn)
第1步: 新建一個(gè)Windows服務(wù)
public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
readonly Timer _timer;
private static readonly string FileName = Path.GetDirectoryName ( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly ( ).Location ) + @"\" + "test.txt";
public Service1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( );
_timer = new Timer ( 5000 )
{
AutoReset = true ,
Enabled = true
};
_timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
};
}
protected override void OnStart ( string [ ] args )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
}
protected override void OnStop ( )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine );
}
void witre ( string context )
{
StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );
sw.WriteLine ( context );
sw.Flush ( );
sw.Close ( );
}
}第2步: 添加Installer
[RunInstaller ( true )]
public partial class Installer1 : System.Configuration.Install.Installer
{
private ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller;
private ServiceProcessInstaller processInstaller;
public Installer1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( );
processInstaller = new ServiceProcessInstaller ( );
serviceInstaller = new ServiceInstaller ( );
processInstaller.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;
serviceInstaller.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic;
serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "my_WindowsService";
serviceInstaller.Description = "WindowsService_Description";
serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "WindowsService_DisplayName";
Installers.Add ( serviceInstaller );
Installers.Add ( processInstaller );
}
}
第3步:安裝,卸載
Cmd命令
installutil WindowsService_test.exe (安裝Windows服務(wù))
installutil /u WindowsService_test.exe (卸載Windows服務(wù))
代碼下載:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/WindowsService_test.rar
b.利用組件Topshelf
本方式特點(diǎn):代碼簡單,開源組件,Windows服務(wù)可運(yùn)行多個(gè)實(shí)例
Topshelf是一個(gè)開源的跨平臺的服務(wù)框架，支持Windows和Mono，只需要幾行代碼就可以構(gòu)建一個(gè)很方便使用的服務(wù). 官方網(wǎng)站:http://topshelf-project.com
第1步:引用程序集TopShelf.dll和log4net.dll
第2步:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)服務(wù)類MyClass,里面包含兩個(gè)方法Start和Stop,還包含一個(gè)定時(shí)器Timer,每隔5秒往文本文件中寫入字符
public class MyClass
{
readonly Timer _timer;
private static readonly string FileName = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory ( ) + @"\" + "test.txt";
public MyClass ( )
{
_timer = new Timer ( 5000 )
{
AutoReset = true ,
Enabled = true
};
_timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
};
}
void witre ( string context )
{
StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );
sw.WriteLine ( context );
sw.Flush ( );
sw.Close ( );
}
public void Start ( )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
}
public void Stop ( )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine );
}
}第3步:使用Topshelf宿主我們的服務(wù)，主要是Topshelf如何設(shè)置我們的服務(wù)的配置和啟動(dòng)和停止的時(shí)候的方法調(diào)用
class Program
{
static void Main ( string [ ] args )
{
HostFactory.Run ( x =>
{
x.Service<MyClass> ( ( s ) =>
{
s.SetServiceName ( "ser" );
s.ConstructUsing ( name => new MyClass ( ) );
s.WhenStarted ( ( t ) => t.Start ( ) );
s.WhenStopped ( ( t ) => t.Stop ( ) );
} );
x.RunAsLocalSystem ( );
//服務(wù)的描述
x.SetDescription ( "Topshelf_Description" );
//服務(wù)的顯示名稱
x.SetDisplayName ( "Topshelf_DisplayName" );
//服務(wù)名稱
x.SetServiceName ( "Topshelf_ServiceName" );
} );
}
}
第4步: cmd命令
ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe install (安裝Windows服務(wù))
ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe uninstall (卸載Windows服務(wù))
代碼下載:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/ConsoleApp_Topshelf.rar
c.利用小工具instsrv和srvany
本方式特點(diǎn):代碼超級簡單,WindowsForm程序即可,并支持程序交互(本人最喜歡的特點(diǎn)),好像不支持win7,支持xp win2003
首先介紹2個(gè)小工具:
instsrv.exe:用以安裝和卸載可執(zhí)行的服務(wù)
srvany.exe:用于將任何EXE程序作為Windows服務(wù)運(yùn)行
這2個(gè)工具都是是Microsoft Windows Resource Kits工具集的實(shí)用的小工具
你可以通過下載并安裝Microsoft Windows Resource Kits獲得 http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=17657
第1步: 新建WindowsForm程序
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
Timer _timer;
private static readonly string FileName = Application.StartupPath + @"\" + "test.txt";
public Form1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( );
}
private void Form1_Load ( object sender , EventArgs e )
{
_timer = new Timer ( )
{
Enabled = true ,
Interval = 5000
};
_timer.Tick += delegate ( object _sender , EventArgs _e )
{
this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) );
};
}
void _timer_Tick ( object sender , EventArgs e )
{
throw new NotImplementedException ( );
}
void witre ( string context )
{
StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );
sw.WriteLine ( context );
sw.Flush ( );
sw.Close ( );
}
private void button1_Click ( object sender , EventArgs e )
{
MessageBox.Show ( "Hello" );
}
}第2步:安裝,卸載
服務(wù)的安裝步驟分5小步:
(1)打開CMD,輸入以下內(nèi)容，其中WindowsForms_WindowsService為你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建的服務(wù)名稱
格式:目錄絕對路徑\instsrv WindowsForms_WindowsService 目錄絕對路徑\srvany.exe
例如:
D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService D:\TempWork\win\Debug\srvany.exe
(2)regedit打開注冊表編輯器,找到以下目錄
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WindowsForms_WindowsService
(3)鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊WindowsForms_WindowsService，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)"項(xiàng)"，名稱為"Parameters"
(4)鼠標(biāo)左鍵單擊"Parameters",在右邊點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)右鍵，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)"字符串值"(REG_SZ)，名稱為"Application"，數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)里填寫目錄下可執(zhí)行文件的絕對路徑+文件名
例如:
D:\TempWork\win\Debug\WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.exe
(5)打開services.msc服務(wù)控制面板，找到WindowsForms_WindowsService服務(wù)，鼠標(biāo)右鍵-屬性-登陸，勾選"允許服務(wù)與桌面交互"
啟動(dòng)服務(wù),可以看到程序界面
卸載服務(wù)
D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService REMOVE
代碼下載:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.rar
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